Toothache is one of the most unpleasant experiences we can have, capable of affecting our mood, sleep and even our ability to concentrate. Whether it’s a sharp, throbbing pain or constant sensitivity, toothache should never be ignored. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the main causes of toothache, tips for relieving the discomfort at home and the importance of seeing a dentist for a proper diagnosis and treatment.
What causes toothache?
Toothache can have various causes, the most common of which are
- Tooth decay: Tooth decay is an infectious disease that destroys the tissues of the tooth, causing pain when it reaches deeper layers, close to the nerve.
- Pulpitis: Pulpitis is the inflammation of the dental pulp, the soft tissue that contains nerves and blood vessels inside the tooth. Pulpitis can be caused by deep caries, trauma or tooth fractures.
- Tooth abscess: An abscess is a bacterial infection that forms at the root of the tooth or in the gums around the tooth, causing severe pain, swelling and redness.
- Periodontal disease: Periodontal disease is an infection that affects the gums and bone that support the teeth. In the advanced stages, it can cause pain, bleeding gums, bad breath and tooth mobility.
- Bruxism: Bruxism is the habit of grinding or clenching the teeth, usually during sleep. It can cause toothache, tooth wear and problems with the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
- Included wisdom tooth: An included wisdom tooth is one that fails to erupt completely, becoming stuck in the bone or partially covered by the gum. It can cause pain, swelling and infection.
- Dentin hypersensitivity: Dentin hypersensitivity is an acute and temporary pain that occurs in response to stimuli such as cold, hot, sweet or acidic foods. It is caused by exposure of the dentin, the inner layer of the tooth, due to gum recession or enamel wear.
How to relieve toothache at home?
While you’re waiting to see your dentist, you can try to relieve your toothache with some home measures:
- Painkillers: Over-the-counter painkillers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen can help relieve pain. Follow the instructions on the packaging and do not exceed the recommended dose.
- Cold compresses: Apply a cold compress to the cheek near the area of pain for 15 minutes. Cold helps to reduce inflammation and pain.
- Mouthwash with warm water and salt: Dissolve a teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water and rinse for 30 seconds several times a day. Salt helps to reduce inflammation and fight bacteria.
- Clove oil: Clove oil has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Apply a small amount of clove oil to a cotton pad and place it on the sore tooth.
- Chamomile tea: Chamomile has calming and anti-inflammatory properties. Make chamomile tea and use it for mouthwashes or compresses.
- Head elevation: When sleeping, use an extra pillow to elevate your head, as this can help reduce pressure and pain in the affected area.
When should I see a dentist?
It is essential to see a dentist as soon as possible if the toothache is severe, persistent or accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, facial swelling, difficulty swallowing or opening the mouth. The dentist will carry out a clinical and radiographic examination to diagnose the cause of the pain and indicate the appropriate treatment.
Treating toothache
The treatment of toothache depends on its cause. Some of the treatment options include:
- Obturation (restoration): If the pain is caused by decay, the dentist will remove the decay and restore the tooth with composite resin or amalgam.
- Root canal treatment (endodontics): If the pain is caused by pulpitis or a tooth abscess, the dentist will remove the infected tooth pulp and carry out root canal treatment.
- Antibiotics: In cases of infection, the dentist may prescribe antibiotics to fight bacteria.
- Abscess drainage: If there is a dental abscess, the dentist will drain the accumulated pus to relieve pain and pressure.
- Periodontal treatment: If the pain is caused by periodontal disease, the dentist will carry out a deep cleaning, scraping and root straightening, and in more serious cases, periodontal surgery.
- Occlusal adjustment: If the pain is caused by bruxism, the dentist may recommend the use of a bite plate to protect the teeth and relieve muscle tension.
- Tooth extraction: In some cases, tooth extraction may be the only treatment option, such as in cases of extensive tooth decay, irreparable fractures or included wisdom teeth that cause pain and infection.
Preventing toothache
The best way to avoid toothache is to maintain good oral hygiene by brushing your teeth at least twice a day, flossing daily and visiting the dentist regularly for check-ups and professional cleanings. Also, avoid excessive consumption of sugar and acidic foods, which can contribute to the development of cavities.
Remember
Toothache should never be ignored. If you are experiencing pain, see a dentist as soon as possible for a proper diagnosis and treatment. The sooner the problem is identified and treated, the greater the chances of saving your tooth and avoiding complications.